Duties of a Citizen free essay sample

As of late you wonaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be seeing an American resident consideration much about something besides them selves. Their principle need is to guarantee the flawlessness of their own lives. That isn't being a productive member of society however. Ensuring your requirements are gotten before you look together and see what you can help with is degenerate and egotistical. We have to think increasingly about how we can support our nation and what we have to do to be a productive member of society. Having clear objectives, steady standards, and solidarity is the thing that makes a nation amazing; so when any of these parts are deficient with regards to, a nation and its residents will debilitate, which is going on in America. Being a resident of America has gotten for all intents and purposes immaterial to our kin, and is presently devastating us. These three segments rely on each other to guarantee the quality of a nation. We should esteem every one of these components to check our faithfulness for our nations attempts. Explicitly the goals ought to be founded on the guidelines your nation needs, since it is the structure to your countryaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government. Be that as it may, goals comprise of what you and your nation should an incentive in your convictions, morals, and principals so the individuals can together help their nation. Our standards (particularly American) have been acknowledged by each ensuing age as of not long ago. Solidarity is a typical comprehension and conviction inside a gathering of individuals; it is combining for an extreme reason. Objectives are the beginning of our nations aspiration to focus on our ideal outcome and produce the result of our endeavors. The beliefs anyway build up an accord on what we esteem or put stock in as a nation, it makes limits on our ethical norm. We need to remain consistent with our constitution and the ethics that were established with it. To wander off and feel better than your own standards is no special case. That is the thing that breaks the center and demolishes our nations enduring approaches. Being a nation of the individuals, for everything from the military to the administration to people in general ought to be similarly joined in similar objectives. The administration anyway is the force that ought to listen then voice the decision of our choices. They should follow up on the publicaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s eventual benefits, and not single out any gathering or gathering whose position on an issue ought to be resolved as any less huge. In the event that a choice is impeding to anyoneaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life in the overall population, at that point it is likely there will be more than one individual influenced by very similar things. The legislature should follow up on their doings with accuracy and a cognizant comprehension of their effect on everybody. Dependant on the need of their activities a demonstration ought not be passed in the event that it will prohibit even a minority in the populaces suppositions. With this we can decide clear objective sets and be brought together. While proceeding with anything you ought to consistently check your tracks to check whether you trampled any bugs. All through the Vietnam War these fixings were absent for the American position. It doesnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t matter if the rival is correct or wrong, yet in the event that you are following these strategies, you will be effective. Ho Chi Minh and his socialist finishing was resulting power authority and dread. Because of the dread he was having in a significant number of the Vietnamese regular people, he had the option to make solidarity for the objective sets he was attempting to reach. His techniques comprised of utilizing dread over his kin to crush out the item he wanted. When the individuals saw the item he accomplished by socialist standards, Minh made a huge after of socialist devotees to guarantee the continuation of arriving at their objectives and his system. He set up gatherings, for example, the NLF to spread his beliefs and extend his following, yet additionally to help all segments of his military. They accepted that aâ‚ ¬? for whatever length of time that they didn't lose, they won. aâ‚ ¬? Americans then again ought to have seen their annihilation coming. Continually considering the Korean War as aâ‚ ¬? learning our lesson,aâ‚ ¬? we ought to have taken the French annihilation in Dien Bien Phu as a notice. Americans entered the war, head first with no structure of solidarity, objective sets, or goals. Occasions, for example, the Tet Offensive had not just started another period of the war yet in addition gave us that our solidarity was powerless. The US, whenever bound together would have been more intelligent to not surrender every one of their urban areas and make open door for the NLF and Vietcong to strike. We would have conveyed and arranged our needs to realize our objectives before isolating into remote regions. Different fights like Ia Drang demonstrated the issues with solidarity and objectives that have become seen in view of the inability to prevail in correspondence during them. The Pentagon Papers alongside some gathering underground news stories uncovered quite a bit of what turned out badly to the general population in 1971. At the point when the Americans had started Vietnamization it was to late to change our procedure for the war exertion. The papers caused talk inside our own nation and doubt of our administration. They were one of the enormous limits to all the developed misery over the war. In the papers we lied about the Gulf of Tokin aâ‚ ¬? attackaâ‚ ¬? also, concealed our flaws to our own kin. Occasions, for example, My Lai concerning Lieutenant William Calley presented significantly more issues on the ethical avocation we had in Vietnam, for such things as our aâ‚ ¬? Free Fire Policyaâ‚ ¬? or on the other hand aâ‚ ¬? Look and Destroy Campaign. aâ‚ ¬? It indicated that Americans conflicted with their own standards when in Vietnam by not rewarding the Vietnamese with equivalent freedoms, as we would give ourselves. It appeared as if we held a higher representing ourselves when in Vietnam so we didn't follow our own conviction of regarding all people as equivalents. Slaughtering guiltless regular folks without preliminary, not tolerating the social contrast of countries, utilizing the danger of arms as a pay off to follow our convictions, rewarding outsiders with out correspondence, ect. It was such turned out badly in our way to deal with attempt and increase the Vietnamese trust. At the point when we headed toward Vietnam we appeared, an underdeveloped nation despondently, a nation that doesn't comprise itself by the goals we showed up there with. Truth be told we did the specific things we were battling against and did what we initially established ourselves to not become, in Vietnam. It was a dishonest situation where we couldnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t gain from our errors until we were proceeded to have just lost. In present day Afghan/Iraq with huge numbers of those errors from Vietnam despite everything hanging over our heads, we are currently pushing to fix. Since Vietnam we have started the Special Operations Unit, and established numerous different segments of the Military to guarantee we donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t commit those equivalent errors. Albeit numerous things are as yet missing from our methodology, for example, conflicting with our goals again on account of Abu Ghraib, we have made some amazing progress. A companion of mine, Richard Bennett, presently serving in the US Special Opps. Gathering, and standing by to be extradited to Afghan/Iraq is restless to use his preparation. His activity will be to prepare regular folks on the best way to secure and continue their own legislature, so they can remain all alone. He has experienced thorough preparing to guarantee his capacity in each circumstance however as his mom said to me in her meeting, aâ‚ ¬? Richie is on edge to be extradited and use his trainingaâ‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ however he has communicated his disappointments with the legislative issues concerning the waraâ‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ like I stated, it is the Age of Information, so you can see numerous sides to each story now. aâ‚ ¬? Basically her point was to communicate that regardless of whether there is defilement in Afghan/Iraq there is hardly anything the open cannot get data on. The publicaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s judgment on the issues ought to be heard and contemplated by the legislature to change what they feel isn't right founded on our standards. At last, while breaking down the patterns and mix-ups we made in Vietnam there is critical improvement of our structure in Afghanistan/Iraq now. Despite the fact that we despite everything have our imperfections as residents, we ought to consistently recall the three segments to being fruitful as a nation and as a resident of that nation. The solidarity, objectives, and standards of a nation discovered their foundation. So to be a productive member of society you need to work to keep up that, for your nation, and for the eventual fate of your nation.

Managing Time as an Adult Learner Essay

Appropriate administration within recent memory can be portrayed as utilizing abilities and strategies to oversee time so as to finish an assigned undertaking or objective. Time is a significant thing, it ought not be squandered. One should be extremely cautious how they utilize their time. Grown-up students have one of a kind challenges with time the board because of other significant parts of their lives, which require a lot of time and consideration; a portion of these angles may incorporate family, a home, and all day work. Nonetheless, with a little association and better time the board aptitudes, the grown-up student can discover all the more extra an ideal opportunity for family and decrease the worry in their own lives. One significant part of grown-up learning is study objectives so as to help center ones time and vitality. Utilize a schedule to monitor all class work and individual commitments. Regularly an individual coordinator is ideal, something like a palm or blackberry. Remember to plan for some break time and make certain to take them. Study objectives should start with enormous, long haul objectives. Start with a year plan and work down from that point. Keep on separating the year into semesters, at that point months, weeks, down to the days. (Karr, M. and Siebert, A. 008) Create a day by day plan for the day to be certain one finishes everything. Continuously concentrate in a particular spot that functions admirably for the individual student where one is agreeable and make certain there is acceptable lighting. Recollect removed learning can be progressively troublesome, so don't fall behind. Make a solid effort to lessen clamor interruptions while contemplating. A few models might be TV, youngsters, and whatever else that may make one’s psyche float. Regularly, a considering understudy will profit by a low background noise the back ground to help muffled different commotions. It is suggested for understudies that are working all day to take close to two classes one after another. For consistently in class, the understudy will require a few hours for schoolwork. (Karr, M. and Siebert, A. 2008) One viewpoint that is significant when working a vocation and taking classes is having the option to alter your school remaining task at hand during occupied work times. For instance, if an understudy works in a retail work setting, one ought to alleviate their school burden during the Christmas season. An understudy ought to know about their learning style before starting school courses (Steinbach, R. 000). For instance, if an understudy is a visual student they have to see data so as to learn it. They learn through observing. This sort of understudy appreciates maps, outlines, charts and graphs. They take nitty gritty notes and advantage from power point introductions and recordings. Then again, if an understudy is a sound-related student they will profit more from talks, exercises, and conversations. This kind of student once in a while takes notes and regularly peruses out loud so as to grasp the data (Siebert, A. and Karr, M. 2008). Keeping the worry of one’s life is another significant part of being a grown-up student. It is significant that the understudy sees how to isolate standard life occasions and exercises and school work. This can be an extremely hard equalization to discover, yet whenever done accurately it can lessen the pressure of returning to class colossally. Make sure to keep on target with your timetable and don't delay by postponing things until the latest possible time. Doing this can cause undesirable pressure and may potentially impact your evaluation. Something different the understudy can never really worry leveled out is to put aside some an ideal opportunity to do the things generally pleasant to them. Incorporate ones loved ones, and this can twofold as family time. Public activity and family time are another zone that should be monitored while going to class as a grown-up. The understudy should be transparent with the family in regards to the time responsibility and the assist that with willing be required as one goes down this street. It might take a half year to a year prior to ones family has really changed in accordance with the understudy and the timetable (Smelser, L. Ph. D 2009). The understudy must be unmistakable in requesting help and bolster and remember to state thank you to those that do help. In the event that the understudy has kids, consider remembering them for an investigation meeting and consistently hold extraordinary time for them every week, recall quality is superior to amount. As a grown-up understudy it is anything but difficult to become involved with the exercises of the day and overpowered with the obligations of a vocation, youngsters, mate, and a home. Keep in mind, one needs to deal with their bodies and brains so as to be an effective understudy. One significant perspective is to keep on eating right. Try not to skip suppers or depend on sugar and caffeine to get you as the day progressed. Sound, little suppers for the duration of the day will keep your vitality level up and your cerebrum dynamic. Likewise, don't think little of the requirement for rest, the enticement will be there, at the end of the day this is one of the most exceedingly terrible things an individual can do. Exercise is another movement that is significant however frequently over looked. Exercise can lessen pressure and fortify muscles. â€Å"The increasingly tactile frameworks and muscles associated with learning, the quicker you learn and more you hold. † (Siebert, A. and Karr, M. 2008). There are some examination tips that an understudy should think about when taking school courses as a grown-up. It is significant that the understudy figures out how to build contemplating proficiency, understanding, and one’s capacity to recollect. For instance, this should be possible with a part survey. The initial step is skim through the section goals or questions, at that point keep on searching for the part synopsis. Second, read through the part and turn titles, captions, and featured terms into an inquiry structure. This is the ideal opportunity to peruse the part, yet read it quick. Next, right a synopsis in your own words lastly, recount what you recollect for all to hear. Taking everything into account, an understudy needs to downplay their pressure, keep up a solid way of life, and figure out how to designate different duties out to loved ones when the need emerges. The bustling understudy ought to permit some close to home time doing things delighted in most. Continuously keep up an emotionally supportive network of companions, family and colleagues, one never can tell when some help will be required. Obviously, keep an open line of correspondence with the educators for the school too.

McDonald's company in the world. History and business Research Paper

McDonald's organization on the planet. History and business - Research Paper Example The aim of this investigation is McDonald as one among numerous universal organizations searching for incredible chances to build up and discover colleagues in quickly developing nations for example China, Asia, Central Europe and not overlooking India. McDonalds was set up in 1940 in California by two siblings Dick and Mac McDonald. The café became in vogue home base for adolescents in the post war opulence. So as to take care of the youngsters the siblings made a menu in type of lasting much-cherished cheeseburgers at that point extended to four eateries by 1953 utilizing the sequential construction system arrangement of food creation. In 1955 business visionary Ray Kroc purchased the option to establishment McDonald in the wake of noticing the extraordinary accomplishment of the siblings. Beam Kroc opens his first McDonald's 0n April 15 1955 in Quite a while Plaines, lIIinois. In 1960, Kroc renamed Mcdonald’s Corporation then he concentrated on showcasing of McDonald items particularly the family dinners and kids, ads especially however the TV that advances a youngster well disposed grinning comedian brand mascot, Ronald McDonald. To date the establishment has in excess of 30,000 cafés worldwide in excess of 119 nations serving more than 50million every day (Nayar). As per Stanton et al., the presentation of the Speedee administration System in the 1948, Speedee turned into the organization logo consequently presentation of the guideline of the cheap food current eatery. In 1963 Speedee was supplanted with Ronald McDonald. Because of the much trust in the accomplishment of the organization Kroc recommended for the diversifying of the eatery around the nation. The siblings where not prepared to hazard it all in the establishment of the organization all through the nation so Kroc accepting it as his obligation and volunteer to come back to his old neighborhood outside Chicago. With the permit to open up other McDonald in the nation, aside from differe nt regions in Arizona and California authorized as of now by the McDonald’s siblings. As of now referenced the first café was opened in Quite a while Plaines, Illinois by Kroc then he fused his organization as McDonald’s enterprise in April 1955. Kroc experienced various difficulties in the new pursuits. The principal challenge especially was adjusting the McDonald’s building that was structure for the atmosphere in the northern. Establishment of a storm cellar was required to house a heater, likewise it was hard for the sufficient ventilation, as warm air in the winter were sucked out by the fumes fans and cool air in the mid year. Notwithstanding, the most disappointing obstacle was the disappointment by Kroc to repeat the scrumptious french fries at first. Kroc looked for franchisees for the McDonald’s chain once the Des Plaines was operational. The other tangle came intently in 1956 he found that the siblings had given the permit of franchisees to th e Cook County, Illinois to the Frejlack Ice cream Company. Kroc was furious in light of the fact that the McDonald’s siblings had not educated him regarding the game plan. Subsequently he bought the privilege back multiple times higher than Frejlack initially paid for. He settled on a choice that it is best for the eatery to be set up first before they are diversified out, this will empower him to have authority over the consistency of the McDonald’s stores. In the early years the McDonald’s cafés were principally arranged in suburbia. So as to oblige his U-shape

Stonehenge Essays (587 words) - Wiltshire, Stonehenge, Henges

Stonehenge In spite of the numerous reasons it appears to serve, Stonehenge is as yet the epitome of puzzle for a large portion of the world. Some accept that its motivation was to be utilized as a cosmic observatory. Others imagine that it was utilized as a strict meeting place for the Druids. In any case, nobody has had the option to demonstrate its actual which means and presence. Stonehenge is accepted to have been worked in three fundamental periods. The first occurred somewhere in the range of 3100 and 2700 B. C. This piece of the development comprised of building a colossal dump around the territory in which Stonehenge was to be fabricated (Castleden 1). This discard was 320 ft. in measurement with a messed up zone in which the passage is found. Simply inside the discard 56 openings were burrowed equivalent good ways from one another. These gaps were then loaded up with chalk rubble, yet a portion of the gaps were loaded up with the bones of incinerated human creatures. These gaps were known as the Aubrey gaps after their pioneer John Aubrey. Toward the upper east of the discard a 16ft. tall heel stone was raised (Brown 751). The second period of the structure is non-existent right up 'til the present time (Warwick and Trump I t can anyway be surmised by to gaps known as the Q and R openings. The two gaps structure a twofold hover around the landmark. It was initially loaded up with 38 blue stones. Likewise during this structure stage two trench were burrowed corresponding to one another. The two trench go outward from the passage. This part of the structure procedure is accepted to be incomplete. This idea is expected to the reality that a few openings are absent in the twofold circles (Brown 751). The third stage in building is the most astounding of the considerable number of stages. This is a result of the 100ft. Circle that is loaded up with 30 sarsen stone sections which gauges 25 tons independently. A constant hover of lintel stones held set up by mortise also, join joints finishes them off. Inside the circle is the gaps known as the X and Y gaps. Likewise inside are a little horseshoe state of bluestones. The biggest bluestone is known as the special raised area stone. This special stepped area stone's unique area and significance is obscure. It presently lies under two fallen trilithon stone. The developers of this period of Stonehenge are the Wessex culture of the early Bronze Age (Brown 752). The individuals who developed Stonehenge may never be known. There are numerous fantasies and legends concerning who truly assembled the enormous landmark. On such legend is that the extraordinary performer Merlin constructed Stonehenge. This was guaranteed in the book History of the Kings of Britains composed by Geoffrey of Monmouth. As indicated by Geoffrey the tremendous stones were taken from Ireland and moved to England where they were set apart as a graveyard for killed British rulers. This landmark was set up by King Ambrosius. He sent for Merlin to give him a landmark. Merlin proposed the Move of the Giants in Ireland. Anyway the Irish were not going to surrender their landmark without a battle. They had set up a military to safeguard the goliath landmark from King Ambrosius' military of troopers sent to get the landmark. The British vanquished the Irish yet could not move the monster stones at all, shape, or structure. Merlin, in any case, could. He acted the hero and moved the stones effortlessly. This story was a decent clarification to every single medieval adherent. Layout I. Development A. Stages 1. Period I 2. Period II 3. Period III B. Developers 1. Celts and Druids 2. Merlin and King Ambrossius II. Reason A. Solstice Calendar B. Druids Gatherings C. Cosmic Events III. Feeling toward Stonehenge A. People groups Sentiments Then B. People groups Feelings now

Understanding a Human Mind Clarices Unexpected Knowledge - Literature Essay Samples

Renowned psychotherapist Alfred Adler once said, â€Å"Man knows much more than he understands.† This means that although we might be rich in education, we do not understand much of what we know. The Silence of the Lambs brings insight to this quote on a much deeper level. In the novel, and FBI trainee named Clarice Starling is given the opportunity to work in the high profile case of a serial killer named Buffalo Bill. Through her journey she befriends cannibal and serial killer Hannibal Lecter, who feeds her hints leading to the capture of Buffalo Bill. Lecter leaves Clarice with many pieces of knowledge, but it is up to her to understand what the knowledge truly means. In between interviewing Hannibal Lecter and examining bodies, Clarice Starling experiences many of Alfred Adler’s theories. In The Silence of the Lambs by Thomas Harris, female protagonist Clarice Starling embodies Adler’s theories of social interest and compensation, as well as the use of defense mechanisms, created by Alfred Adler. Clarice Starling demonstrates the theory of social interest through cooperating with others and valuing the common good over her own interests. While examining the body of one of Buffalo Bill’s victims, Jack Crawford, the agent in charge of the behavioral science unit at Quantico, makes the following observation about Clarice Starling, â€Å"Wherever this victim came from, whoever she was, the river had carried her into the country, Clarice Starling had a special relationship with her,† (Harris 75). Crawford can sense that Clarice has social interest through her automatic bond with the victim. He sees that Clarice is able to r elate to her even though she is dead, and through this â€Å"special relationship† Clarice can learn new things about the victim that will help the case. Through her ability to relate to victims in ways her colleagues cannot, Clarice demonstrates social interest because she uses these bonds and relationships to contribute to the common good of her work. This concept is shown even further when Clarice is convincing Crawford to let her search with the others for Buffalo Bill. Clarice explains to Jack, â€Å"The victims are all women and there aren’t any women working this. I can walk in a woman’s room and know three times as much about her as a man would know, and you know that’s a fact,† (Harris 274). Clarice is explaining to Crawford how her being a woman working on the case puts their team at an advantage because she is able to gain more information than a male can. Since she would be the only female working on the case, there would be some sense of discomfort for Clarice being surrounded by men all the time. However, her social interest allows her to brush this discomfort to the side in order to use her female brains to help save Catherine from Buffalo Bill. Starling’s social interest allows her to utilize every skill she has to work with others in order to achieve the goal of the greater good. S tarling demonstrates Alfred’s theory of compensation by attempting to overcome an inferiority complex as a result of her upbringing. While visiting the home of the wealthy Catherina Martin, the narrator explains, â€Å"Starling had done her time in boarding schools, living on scholarships, her grades much better than her clothes,† (Harris 191). The author is describing how Starling has had to compensate for her poor upbringing through her grades and schooling. Since Clarice grew up having â€Å"grades much better than her clothes† she has always had to compensate for her families financial background. Through her boarding schools and UVA education Starling was able to dissolve herself in a crowd of wealth students, which allowed her to counterbalance the reality of her home life. Clarice is the perfect example of Alfred’s theory of compensation because all her life she has worked hard and attended prestigious academies in order to compensate for her upbringing in a low-income household. Starling’s embodiment of this theory is show again when Clarice is recalling the accomplishments of her family members; the author narrates, â€Å"One of Starling’s uncles had his junior college degree cut on his tombstone. Starling had lived by schools, her weapon the competitive exam, for all the years there was no place else for her to go,† (Harris 266). Starling is the first in her family to ever attend and graduate from a real university. When Clarice had â€Å"no place else for her to go† she focused all her efforts into school to compensate for her aloneness and her family’s lack of accomplishment. Clarice Starling exemplifies Alfred’s theory of compensation throughout her life by pushing herself to excel in school in ord er to make up for the incompetence of her own family. Clarice uses defense mechanisms throughout the novel to separate herself from the unpleasant memories that inhibit her from doing her job. Before Clarice enters the house of Frederica Bimmel, Harris narrates, â€Å"She should hurry, but to think about why, to dwell on Catherine’s plight on this final day, would be to waste the day entirely. To think of her in real time, being processed at this moment as Kimberley Emberg and Fredrica Bimmel had been processed, would jam all other thought,† (Harris 282). The narrator is describing Clarice’s use of the defense mechanism repression. Repression allows a person to block out or push aside unwanted stressful or anxious thoughts. If Clarice were to focus on the thought of Catherine dying all day, she would â€Å"waste the day entirely† because of the stress and anxiety that accompany those thoughts. Clarice utilizes this defense mechanism in order to carry out her job to the best of her ability. This is further shown when Starling receives a call that a team is en route to potentially rescue Catherina Martin. Harris describes this scene as, â€Å"Still to be so close, to get a hand on the rump of it, to have a good idea a day late and wind up far from the arrest, busted out of school, it all smacked of losing. Starling and long suspected, guilty, that the Starlings’ luck had been sour for a couple of hundred of years now,† (Harris 299). Starling is upset because she feels as if she has lost the case while being so close to solving it. Instead of claiming responsibility for her misfortune, Starling attributes her loss to the bad luck that seems to continuously strike her family. This defen se mechanism is called denial. Starling refuses to accept that her lost might have been due to her actions, and instead suggests her misfortune is due to bad lucky. Starling uses this defense mechanism in order to keep her self-confidence, which allows her to carry out her job productively, along with the defense mechanism of repression. Clarice Starling exemplifies Adler’s theories of social interest, compensation, and defense mechanisms. Starling demonstrates social interest through bonding with and caring for victims, compensation by always trying her hardest to make up for her inadequate family, and defense mechanisms by clearing her head and attributing her misfortune to forces she cannot control. These theories demonstrate that although Starling has much knowledge, she does not understand what is going on inside her own head because she is not aware of these psychological happenings. Just like Adler said, â€Å"man knows much more than he understands.† Although we may be smart, we must remember we still do not understand most of what is happening inside our own heads. Works Cited Harris, Thomas. The Silence of the Lambs. New York: St. Martins, 1988. Print.

Subconcious Motivations and Conscious Triggers of Clytemnestra in Agamemnon - Literature Essay Samples

From its first performance in Ancient Greece several centuries ago to present day, Aeschylus’s Agamemnon remains a quintessential example of the definitive Greek tragedy, continually captivating audiences with its progressive depiction of feminine complexity. In the play, women are represented by the anti heroine, Queen Clytemnestra of Mycenae, who in the climax of the first act, vindictively murders the titular King Agamemnon. While psychoanalytical and archetypical criticisms differ in regards to what desire inherently drives the character to murder her husband (power and freedom, or revenge) both identify that Clytemnestra is driven primarily by pre-existing subconscious desires (centered on her identity) that are only ‘realised and awakened’ by conscious life events, specifically, the death of her daughter Iphigenia. Although the term ‘femme fatale’ was not coined until the twentieth century, literary history has been continually blessed with images of strong women who use their sensuality to skillfully manipulate those around them. Clytemnestra, protagonist of Aeschylus’ Agamemnon, is one such example. As Sneed writes, Aeschylus’s anti heroine ‘embodies every characteristic of a classic femme fatale’ by ‘avoiding traditional romance and domesticity.’ Even before her initial appearance, the watchman describes his queen as ‘a woman in passionate heart and man in strength of purpose’. The chorus also joins in, stating that the character ‘is a woman with no fear of the husband’ and who speaks ‘as wisely as a prudent man’. The awed, wary and even fearful tones in which supporting male characters describe the protagonist demonstrate the extent of which Clytemnestra disfigures typical ‘womanly behaviourâ⠂¬â„¢, with her cunning, intelligence and strength of purpose, thus justifying her femme fatalistic classification. By looking at other literary characters with the same archetype, the subconscious workings of Clytemnestra’s own character can be revealed. Femme fatale character arcs generally revolve around a pursuit of freedom, dominance and empowerment, achieved by eliminating figures that restrict them. Given this, Sneed concludes that Clytemnestra’s inherent motivation is her subconscious desire for power. This is not the only motivation that has been brought forward by literary critics. Alsop paints Clytemnestra as a vindictive individual seeking retribution for the gradual destruction of her identity by her husband. Again, the expositional speech of the chorus provides evidence for this particular motivation. The old men of Argos are heard calling their queen an ‘architect of vengeance’, and a ‘mother’ of ‘child-avenging fury’. Clytemnestra herself also betrays her grief in her dialogue. In her return speech, she compares the king to a tyrannous ‘Zeus’ who ‘tramples the bitter virgin grape’, alluding to the daughter he trampled in his war conquest. Additionally, her own justification of the murder: ‘he sacrificed his own child, she whom I bore,’ evokes strong emotional images of a devastated, grieving mother robbed of her motherhood and maternal identity. On a more psychosexually charged note, Alsop also suggests that Clytemnestra’s unconscious ‘male’ personality, also desires justice. This notion is also implied as she describes her husbands mistress Cassandra ,who lies dead beside him as someone who ‘†¦ has brought for my bed an added relish of delight.’ For Clytemnestra, Cassandra represents the unfair double standards of men and women regarding infidelity. Despite being in the same position of power as her husband, Clytemnestra was condemned for taking a lover and forced to deny her affair, while he was celebrated and rewarded with an object to commit adultery with. Thus, it can be ultimately concluded that she was driven to murder both for the repression/theft of her subconscious and conscious identities. Despite the obvious differences in what the two critiques believe to be Clytemnestra’s primary subconscious motives, both authors agree that without a conscious world event, these dormant desires would never have gained the ambition to reach action and cite the sacrifice of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon’s daughter by the latter, to be this igniting event. The name Iphigenia is never explicitly mentioned by any of the main characters. However, the brutal nature of her death is constantly alluded to leading up to the events of Agamemnon’s murder. The earliest occurrence of this is by the Chorus, who recounts the young girl’s final moments: ‘†¦the bridle chokes her voice†¦saffron robes pouring over the sand†¦glance like arrows showering/wounding every murderer through with pity.’. While the act of war sacrifice would be common in pre-democratic Greece, the vivid, melancholic passages strike the audience in the same way that they impac t the anti heroine, causing them to better understand and sympathise with her subsequent action. The resounding effects of Iphigenia’s demise are depicted in the entirety of The Oresteia’s first act, Agamemnon, which takes place ten years from the sacrifice. Clytemnestra is depicted to have shifted from an insignificant maternal figure to a hardened, independent woman, capable of running a kingdom in her husband’s absence. In addition to this, her vengeance has become intelligent—and she is able to recognise that patience is a necessary burden in exacting a perfect revenge. According to Sneed, this increased intelligence is awakened following the development of the protagonist’s animus (male identity), from one who simply craves physical power, to one that craves social power. This notion is indicated in her actions following the return of her husband to Argos, in which she utilises ‘Agamemnon’s patriarchal sense of value’ in her deception. By playing the part of the typical ‘submissive and modest’, ‘simpe ring’ ‘coy wife’, Clytemnestra demonstrates the patience required to exact the perfect revenge. In a similar way, Alsop also recognises that following the event, Clytemnestra exhibits a change in mentality. The murder of her daughter causes a ‘realisation’ of her identity’s continual repression, and also presents a means of which she can consciously, justify her later immoral action. This idea is demonstrated in her dialogue following the death of Agamemnon, in which she states that the late king was a ‘man who did her (me) wrong’. The quote presented highlights that while Iphigenia’s death causes the heroine grief, and allowed her to become the woman she was required to be, the event was not what she was truly avenging. Regardless of what motives ultimately drove her to murder, Aeschylus’ brilliant characterization of the Clytemnestra as both an avenger and villain can be ambivalently interpreted in two ways. It is possible that he wrote the character of with misogynistic intent to reflect Athenian attitudes and horrify his audience, something he was renown for. This has been put forward by several scholars who cite that common Athenian attitudes of the time would have ‘shuddered’ at the homicidal tendencies of a woman and consider her mad. This is reflected in the chorus’ attitudes to the murder of their king. More radically, the author was an early feminist who believed that the complexity of such a woman could cause reflection of the traditional gender role of women in society. This is supported in her character’s unrepressed ambition and drive, and also in the admiration of the strength of her character by the male characters surrounding her . Given the admirabl e strength of the character, the latter seems more potent as a plausible explanation. The given evidence above demonstrate that Aeschylus did not wish to present women as perfect, angelic beings or submissive vassals of men as they were traditionally portrayed in art. Rather, he chooses to depict them as average humans— capable of possessing inherent flaws and intimate desires, and acting on them as their male counterparts do. In the end, both critiques presented above are correct in their recognition and analysis of Clytemnestra’s possible motives for liberating action. However, to give one particular desire precedence over another then corrupts Aeschylus’ supposed intention. That is, to portray women as intrinsically complex human beings, equal to men. Given this, it is not possible to discern a single motive as the sole drive of Clytemnestra’s ambition without damaging her utter complexity. It is more fitting to say that the character was driven to murder by a myriad of reasons that cannot fully be comprehended by anyone other than Aeschylus himself.

Biography of Jay Gould, Notorious Robber Baron

Jay Gould (born Jason  Gould; May 27, 1836–December 2, 1892) was a businessman who came to personify the robber baron in the late 19th century. Over the course of his career, Gould made and lost several fortunes as a railroad executive, financier, and speculator. Gould had a reputation for ruthless business tactics, many of which would be illegal today,  and during his lifetime he was often thought to be the most despised man in the nation. Fast Facts: Jay Gould Known For:  Jay Gould was known as an unscrupulous robber baron in the late 19th century.Also Known As:  Jason  GouldBorn:  May 27, 1836 in Roxbury, New YorkParents: Mary More and John Burr Gould  Died:  December 2, 1892 in New York, New YorkEducation: Local schools, Hobart Academy, self-taught in surveying and mathematicsPublished Works:  History of Delaware County, and Border Wars of New YorkSpouse(s): Helen Day MillerChildren: George Jay Gould I, Edwin Gould, Sr., Helen Gould, Howard, Gould, Anna Gould, Frank Jay GouldNotable Quote: My idea is, that if capital and labor are left alone they will mutually regulate each other. Early Life Jayson â€Å"Jay† Gould was born into a farming family in Roxbury, New York, on May 27, 1836. He attended a local school and learned basic subjects. He was self-taught in surveying and in his late teens he was employed making maps of counties in New York State. He also worked for a time in a blacksmith shop before becoming involved in a leather tanning business in northern Pennsylvania. Wall Street Gould moved to New York City in the 1850s and began learning the ways of Wall Street. The stock market was largely unregulated at the time, and Gould became adept at manipulating stocks. Gould was ruthless at using techniques such as cornering a stock, by which he could drive prices up and ruin speculators who were â€Å"short† on the stock, betting the price would go down. It was widely believed that Gould would bribe politicians and judges and was thereby able to skirt whatever laws might have curtailed his unethical practices. A story that circulated in Goulds time about his early career was that he led his partner in the leather business, Charles Leupp, into reckless stock transactions. Goulds unscrupulous activities led to Leupps financial ruin, and he killed himself in his mansion on Madison Avenue in New York City. The Erie War In 1867 Gould obtained a position on the board of the Erie Railroad and began working with Daniel Drew, who had been manipulating stocks on Wall Street for decades. Drew controlled the railroad, along with a younger associate, the flamboyant Jim Fisk. Gould and Fisk were nearly opposite in character, but they became friends and partners. Fisk was prone to attracting attention with very public stunts. And while Gould genuinely seemed to like Fisk, historians speculate that Gould saw value in having a partner who drew attention away from him. With scheming led by Gould, the men became involved in a war for control of the Erie Railroad with the richest man in America, Cornelius Vanderbilt. The Erie War played out as a bizarre spectacle of business intrigue and public drama. At one point, Gould, Fisk, and Drew fled to a hotel in New Jersey to be beyond the reach of the New York legal authorities. As Fisk put on a public show, giving lively interviews to the press, Gould arranged to bribe politicians in Albany, New York, the state capital. The struggle for control of the railroad finally reached a confusing end, as Gould and Fisk met with Vanderbilt and worked out an agreement. Ultimately the railroad fell into the hands of Gould, though he was happy to let Fisk, dubbed the â€Å"Prince of Erie,† be its public face. The Gold Corner In the late 1860s, Gould noticed some quirks in the way the gold market fluctuated, and he devised a scheme to corner gold. The intricate scheme would allow Gould essentially to control the gold supply in America, which would mean he could influence the entire national economy. Gould’s plot could only work if the federal government chose not to sell gold reserves while Gould and his cronies were working to drive up the price. To sideline the Treasury Department, Gould  bribed officials in the federal government, including a relative of President Ulysses S. Grant. The plan to corner gold went into effect in September 1869. On a day that would become known as â€Å"Black Friday,† September 24, 1869, the price of gold began to rise and a panic ensued on Wall Street. By midday, Gould’s plan unraveled as the federal government began to sell gold on  the market, driving down the price. Though Gould and his partner Fisk had caused a major disruption to the economy, and a number of speculators were ruined, the two men still walked away with a profit estimated in the millions of dollars. There were investigations into what had unfolded, but Gould had carefully covered his tracks. He was not prosecuted for violating any laws. The Black Friday gold panic made Gould more wealthy and more famous, though throughout this episode he generally tried to avoid publicity. As ever, he preferred that his gregarious partner, Jim Fisk, deal with the press. Gould and the Railroads Gould and Fisk ran the Erie Railroad until 1872, when Fisk, whose private life had become the subject of countless newspaper headlines, was murdered in a Manhattan hotel. As Fisk lay dying, Gould rushed to his side, as did another friend, William M. â€Å"Boss† Tweed, the leader of Tammany Hall, New York’s infamous political machine. Following the death of Fisk, Gould was ousted as head of the Erie Railroad. But he remained active in the railroad business, buying and selling vast amounts of railroad stock. In the 1870s, Gould bought up various railroads during a time when a financial panic drove down prices. He understood that railroads needed to expand in the West and that demand for reliable transportation across great distances would outlive any financial instabilities. As the American economy improved by the end of the decade, he sold much of his stock, amassing a fortune. When the prices of stocks dropped again, he began acquiring railroads again. In a familiar pattern, it seemed that no matter how the economy performed, Gould wound up on the winning side. More Questionable Associations In the 1880s, Gould became involved in transportation in New York City, operating an elevated railroad in Manhattan. He also bought the American Union Telegraph company, which he merged with Western Union. By the late 1880s, Gould dominated much of the transportation and communication infrastructure of the United States. In one shady episode, Gould became involved with businessman Cyrus Field, who decades earlier had masterminded the creation of the transatlantic telegraph cable. It was believed that Gould led Field into investment schemes that proved ruinous. Field lost his fortune, and Gould, as ever, seemed to profit. Gould also became known as an associate of New York City police detective Thomas Byrnes. It eventually came to light that Byrnes, though he always worked on a modest public salary, was quite wealthy and had considerable holdings in Manhattan real estate. Byrnes explained that for years his friend Jay Gould had given him stock tips. It was widely suspected that Gould had been giving Byrnes inside information on upcoming stock deals as bribes. As with so many other incidents and relations, rumors swirled around Gould, but nothing was ever proven in court. Marriage and Home Life Gould was married in 1863, and he and his wife had six children. His personal life was relatively quiet. As he prospered, he lived in a mansion on New York City’s Fifth Avenue but seemed uninterested in flaunting his wealth. His great hobby was raising orchids in a greenhouse attached to his mansion. Death When Gould died of tuberculosis, on December 2, 1892, his death was front-page news. The newspapers ran lengthy accounts of his career and noted that his wealth was probably close to $100 million. The lengthy front-page obituary in Joseph Pulitzers New York Evening World indicated the essential conflict of Goulds life. The newspaper referred to Jay Goulds Wonderful Career in a headline. But it also recounted the old scandal of how he had destroyed the life of his early business partner Charles Leupp. Legacy Gould has generally been depicted as a dark force in American life, a stock manipulator whose methods would not be allowed in today’s world of securities regulation. A perfect villain in his time, he was portrayed in political cartoons drawn by artists such as Thomas Nast as running with bags of money in his hands. History’s verdict on Gould has been no kinder than the newspapers of his own era. However, some historians claim that he was unfairly portrayed as being more villainous than he really was. Other historians argue that his business activities did, in reality, perform useful functions, such as greatly improving railroad service in the West. Sources Geisst, Charles R.  Monopolies in America: Empire Builders and Their Enemies, from Jay Gould to Bill Gates.  Oxford University Press, 2000.â€Å"Jay Gould: Financier in the Age of Robber Barons.†Ã‚  Jay Gould: Financier in the Age of Robber Barons, www.u-s-history.com/pages/h866.html.Hoyt, Edwin P.  The Goulds: A Social History. Weybright and Talley, 1969.Klein, Maury.  The Life and Legend of Jay Gould.  Baltimore, Johns Hopkins  University Press, 1986.